我们描述了我们使用对CAD表示的深度学习来推断机械组件中交配部分之间的自由度的工作。我们使用由CAD零件和配偶将它们组成的大型实际机械组件的大型数据集训练我们的模型。我们提出了重新定义这些伴侣的方法，以使它们更好地反映组件的运动，并缩小可能的运动轴。我们还进行了一项用户研究，以创建具有更可靠标签的运动声音测试集。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

Drug dosing is an important application of AI, which can be formulated as a Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem. In this paper, we identify two major challenges of using RL for drug dosing: delayed and prolonged effects of administering medications, which break the Markov assumption of the RL framework. We focus on prolongedness and define PAE-POMDP (Prolonged Action Effect-Partially Observable Markov Decision Process), a subclass of POMDPs in which the Markov assumption does not hold specifically due to prolonged effects of actions. Motivated by the pharmacology literature, we propose a simple and effective approach to converting drug dosing PAE-POMDPs into MDPs, enabling the use of the existing RL algorithms to solve such problems. We validate the proposed approach on a toy task, and a challenging glucose control task, for which we devise a clinically-inspired reward function. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed method to restore the Markov assumption leads to significant improvements over a vanilla baseline; (2) the approach is competitive with recurrent policies which may inherently capture the prolonged effect of actions; (3) it is remarkably more time and memory efficient than the recurrent baseline and hence more suitable for real-time dosing control systems; and (4) it exhibits favorable qualitative behavior in our policy analysis.

Variance parameter estimation in linear mixed models is a challenge for many classical nonlinear optimization algorithms due to the positive-definiteness constraint of the random effects covariance matrix. We take a completely novel view on parameter estimation in linear mixed models by exploiting the intrinsic geometry of the parameter space. We formulate the problem of residual maximum likelihood estimation as an optimization problem on a Riemannian manifold. Based on the introduced formulation, we give geometric higher-order information on the problem via the Riemannian gradient and the Riemannian Hessian. Based on that, we test our approach with Riemannian optimization algorithms numerically. Our approach yields a higher quality of the variance parameter estimates compared to existing approaches.

Attention-based multiple instance learning (AMIL) algorithms have proven to be successful in utilizing gigapixel whole-slide images (WSIs) for a variety of different computational pathology tasks such as outcome prediction and cancer subtyping problems. We extended an AMIL approach to the task of survival prediction by utilizing the classical Cox partial likelihood as a loss function, converting the AMIL model into a nonlinear proportional hazards model. We applied the model to tissue microarray (TMA) slides of 330 lung cancer patients. The results show that AMIL approaches can handle very small amounts of tissue from a TMA and reach similar C-index performance compared to established survival prediction methods trained with highly discriminative clinical factors such as age, cancer grade, and cancer stage

Sunquakes are seismic emissions visible on the solar surface, associated with some solar flares. Although discovered in 1998, they have only recently become a more commonly detected phenomenon. Despite the availability of several manual detection guidelines, to our knowledge, the astrophysical data produced for sunquakes is new to the field of Machine Learning. Detecting sunquakes is a daunting task for human operators and this work aims to ease and, if possible, to improve their detection. Thus, we introduce a dataset constructed from acoustic egression-power maps of solar active regions obtained for Solar Cycles 23 and 24 using the holography method. We then present a pedagogical approach to the application of machine learning representation methods for sunquake detection using AutoEncoders, Contrastive Learning, Object Detection and recurrent techniques, which we enhance by introducing several custom domain-specific data augmentation transformations. We address the main challenges of the automated sunquake detection task, namely the very high noise patterns in and outside the active region shadow and the extreme class imbalance given by the limited number of frames that present sunquake signatures. With our trained models, we find temporal and spatial locations of peculiar acoustic emission and qualitatively associate them to eruptive and high energy emission. While noting that these models are still in a prototype stage and there is much room for improvement in metrics and bias levels, we hypothesize that their agreement on example use cases has the potential to enable detection of weak solar acoustic manifestations.

Contrastive learning has emerged as a competitive pretraining method for object detection. Despite this progress, there has been minimal investigation into the robustness of contrastively pretrained detectors when faced with domain shifts. To address this gap, we conduct an empirical study of contrastive learning and out-of-domain object detection, studying how contrastive view design affects robustness. In particular, we perform a case study of the detection-focused pretext task Instance Localization (InsLoc) and propose strategies to augment views and enhance robustness in appearance-shifted and context-shifted scenarios. Amongst these strategies, we propose changes to cropping such as altering the percentage used, adding IoU constraints, and integrating saliency based object priors. We also explore the addition of shortcut-reducing augmentations such as Poisson blending, texture flattening, and elastic deformation. We benchmark these strategies on abstract, weather, and context domain shifts and illustrate robust ways to combine them, in both pretraining on single-object and multi-object image datasets. Overall, our results and insights show how to ensure robustness through the choice of views in contrastive learning.

人类是熟练的导航员：我们恰当地在新的地方进行了操纵，意识到我们回到以前见过的位置，甚至可以想到经历我们从未参观过的部分环境的捷径。另一方面，基于模型的强化学习中的当前方法与从训练分布中概括环境动态的努力。我们认为，两个原则可以帮助弥合这一差距：潜在的学习和简约的动态。人类倾向于以简单的术语来思考环境动态 - 我们认为轨迹不是指我们期望在路径上看到的东西，而是在抽象的潜在空间中，其中包含有关该位置的空间坐标的信息。此外，我们假设在环境的新颖部分中四处走动的工作方式与我们所熟悉的部分相同。这两个原则在串联中共同起作用：在潜在空间中，动态表现出了简约的特征。我们开发了一种学习这种简约动态的模型。使用一个变异目标，我们的模型经过培训，可以使用本地线性转换在潜在空间中重建经验丰富的过渡，同时鼓励尽可能少地调用不同的变换。使用我们的框架，我们演示了在一系列政策学习和计划任务中学习简化潜在动态模型的实用性。

随着孩子的年龄增长，他们对周围的身体过程有了直觉的理解。它们沿着发育轨迹移动，在先前的实证研究中，这些轨迹已被广泛绘制出来。我们研究儿童的发育轨迹与人工系统的学习轨迹相比。具体而言，我们研究了一种观念，即认知发展是由某种形式的随机优化程序导致的。为此，我们使用随机梯度下降训练现代生成神经网络模型。然后，我们使用发展心理学文献中的方法来探究该模型的物理理解，以不同程度的优化。我们发现该模型的学习轨迹捕捉了儿童的发展轨迹，从而为发展的想法提供了支持，作为随机优化的发展。

扬声器在彼此保持一致的过程中建立了融洽的关系。在指导域材料的同时，已经证明了与教师的融洽关系，以促进学习。过去关于教育领域的词汇一致性的工作都在量化对齐方式的措施和与代理对齐的相互作用的类型中都遭受了限制。在本文中，我们采用基于数据驱动的共享表达式概念（可能由多个单词组成）的对齐措施，并比较一对一的人类机器人（H-R）相互作用的对齐方式与协作人类人类的H-R部分中的对齐方式-Orobot（H-H-R）相互作用。我们发现，H-R设置中的学生与H-H-R设置相比，与可教的机器人保持一致，并且词汇一致性和融洽关系之间的关系比以前的理论和经验工作所预测的要复杂。